Bile salt dependent lipase
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Bile salt dependent lipase (or BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (or CEL) is an enzyme produced by the adult pancreas and aids in the digestion of fats. Bile salt stimulated lipase (or BSSL) is an equivalent enzyme found within breast milk. BSDL has been found in the pancreatic secretions of all species in which it has been looked for. BSSL, originally discovered in the milk of humans and various other primates, has since been found in the milk of many animals including dogs, cats, rats and rabbits.[1]
Enzymatic activity
More than 95% of the fat present in human milk and in infant formulas is in the form of triacylglycerols (TG).[2] In adults TGs are mainly thought to be broken down or hydrolyzed by the colipase-dependent lipase enzyme. In the newborn, CDL activity in the duodenum is lower than in adults.[2]
Both BSDL and BSSL have a broad substrate specificity and like CDL are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerides (in addition to phospholipids, esters of cholesterol and lipid soluble vitamins). BSDL production in the newborn pancreas is quite low when compared with production in the mammary gland or adult pancreas.[3]
However newborn infants absorb lipids relatively well, considering the low level of CDL and BSDL they produce. This observation has led to the suggestion that BSDL produced by lactating mammary gland and present within milk, may compensate for the low levels of other TG digesting enzymes and aid newborns in lipid absorption.
References
- ^ Swan, JS, Hoffman MM. et al. (1992). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Two forms of human milk bile-salt-stimulated lipase"]. Biochem. J. 283 (1): 119–122. PMID 1567358.
- ^ a b Lombardo, D. (2001). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Bile salt-dependent lipase: its pathophysiological implications"]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1533 (1): 1–28. PMID 11514232.
- ^ Sbarra V, Bruneau N. et al. (1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Molecular cloning of the bile salt-dependent lipase of ferret lactating mammary gland: an overview of functional residues"]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1393 (1): 80–89. PMID 9714751.
Further reading
- Kumar BV, Aleman-Gomez JA, Colwell N, et al. (1992). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Structure of the human pancreatic cholesterol esterase gene."]. Biochemistry 31 (26): 6077–81. doi:. PMID 1627550.
- Lidberg U, Nilsson J, Strömberg K, et al. (1992). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Genomic organization, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the human carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene and a CEL-like (CELL) gene."]. Genomics 13 (3): 630–40. doi:. PMID 1639390.
- Taylor AK, Zambaux JL, Klisak I, et al. (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Carboxyl ester lipase: a highly polymorphic locus on human chromosome 9qter."]. Genomics 10 (2): 425–31. doi:. PMID 1676983.
- Nilsson J, Bläckberg L, Carlsson P, et al. (1990). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "cDNA cloning of human-milk bile-salt-stimulated lipase and evidence for its identity to pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase."]. Eur. J. Biochem. 192 (2): 543–50. doi:. PMID 1698625.
- Lindström MB, Persson J, Thurn L, Borgström B (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Effect of pancreatic phospholipase A2 and gastric lipase on the action of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase against lipid substrates in vitro."]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1084 (2): 194–7. PMID 1854805.
- Baba T, Downs D, Jackson KW, et al. (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Structure of human milk bile salt activated lipase."]. Biochemistry 30 (2): 500–10. doi:. PMID 1988041.
- Christie DL, Cleverly DR, O'Connor CJ (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Human milk bile-salt stimulated lipase. Sequence similarity with rat lysophospholipase and homology with the active site region of cholinesterases."]. FEBS Lett. 278 (2): 190–4. doi:. PMID 1991511.
- Reue K, Zambaux J, Wong H, et al. (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "cDNA cloning of carboxyl ester lipase from human pancreas reveals a unique proline-rich repeat unit."]. J. Lipid Res. 32 (2): 267–76. PMID 2066663.
- Hui DY, Kissel JA (1991). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Sequence identity between human pancreatic cholesterol esterase and bile salt-stimulated milk lipase."]. FEBS Lett. 276 (1-2): 131–4. doi:. PMID 2265692.
- Escribano MJ, Imperial S (1990). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Purification and molecular characterization of FAP, a feto-acinar protein associated with the differentiation of human pancreas."]. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (36): 21865–71. PMID 2600091.
- Erlanson-Albertsson C, Sternby B, Johannesson U (1985). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "The interaction between human pancreatic carboxylester hydrolase (bile-salt-stimulated lipase of human milk) and lactoferrin."]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 829 (2): 282–7. PMID 3995055.
- Chekhranova MK, Il'ina EN, Shuvalova ER, et al. (1994). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "[Cloning, determination of primary structure, and expression of the C-terminal segment of human cholesterol-esterase/lipase, containing the antigenic determinant of the protein, in Escherichia coli]"]. Mol. Biol. (Mosk.) 28 (2): 464–7. PMID 7514266.
- Roudani S, Miralles F, Margotat A, et al. (1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Bile salt-dependent lipase transcripts in human fetal tissues."]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1264 (1): 141–50. PMID 7578248.
- Bruneau N, de la Porte PL, Sbarra V, Lombardo D (1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Association of bile-salt-dependent lipase with membranes of human pancreatic microsomes."]. Eur. J. Biochem. 233 (1): 209–18. doi:. PMID 7588748.
- Wang CS, Dashti A, Jackson KW, et al. (1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Isolation and characterization of human milk bile salt-activated lipase C-tail fragment."]. Biochemistry 34 (33): 10639–44. doi:. PMID 7654718.
- Nilsson J, Hellquist M, Bjursell G (1993). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "The human carboxyl ester lipase-like (CELL) gene is ubiquitously expressed and contains a hypervariable region."]. Genomics 17 (2): 416–22. doi:. PMID 7691717.
- Bruneau N, Lombardo D (1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Chaperone function of a Grp 94-related protein for folding and transport of the pancreatic bile salt-dependent lipase."]. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (22): 13524–33. doi:. PMID 7768954.
- Mas E, Abouakil N, Roudani S, et al. (1993). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Human fetoacinar pancreatic protein: an oncofetal glycoform of the normally secreted pancreatic bile-salt-dependent lipase."]. Biochem. J. 289 ( Pt 2): 609–15. PMID 8424803.
- Shamir R, Johnson WJ, Morlock-Fitzpatrick K, et al. (1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase: a circulating enzyme that modifies normal and oxidized lipoproteins in vitro."]. J. Clin. Invest. 97 (7): 1696–704. doi:. PMID 8601635.
- Landberg E, Påhlsson P, Krotkiewski H, et al. (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Glycosylation of bile-salt-stimulated lipase from human milk: comparison of native and recombinant forms."]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 344 (1): 94–102. doi:. PMID 9244386.
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