Définitions et usages de : Myelitis - Dictionnaire de anglais sensagent

Définition

myelitis (n.)

1.inflammation of the spinal cord

Myelitis (n.)

1.(MeSH)Inflammation of the spinal cord. Relatively common etiologies include infections; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; SPINAL CORD; and ischemia (see also SPINAL CORD VASCULAR DISEASES). Clinical features generally include weakness, sensory loss, localized pain, incontinence, and other signs of autonomic dysfunction.

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Myelitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G 04-G 05
ICD-9	323
DiseasesDB	29461
MeSH	D009187

Myelitis is a disease involving inflammation of the spinal cord,^[1] which disrupts central nervous system functions linking the brain and limbs. The name is derived from Greek myelós referring to the "spinal cord", and the suffix -itis, which denotes inflammation.^[2]

1 Symptoms and signs
2 Causes
3 Types
4 Prognosis
5 See also
6 References

Symptoms and signs

Symptoms vary by region of the CNS affected, and include fever, headaches, tingling, pain or loss of feeling, and may extend to central or peripheral paresis and loss of bladder control. Meningeal signs may develop.

Causes

Infectious mononucleosis can rarely cause transverse myelitis^[3]
Poliovirus is the cause of poliomyelitis, which, prior to widespread vaccination, was a very common cause of pediatric myelitis.
Cases of Measles myelitis has been described, with at least 1 case of transverse myelitis secondary to measles.^[4]^[5]
Herpes simplex, epstein barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and mycoplasma have been suspected as the eitologic agents of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.^[6]
Retroviruses such as MLVs/HGRVs (Murine leukemia viruses/Human gammaretroviruses) and Chronic fatigue syndrome-associated virus (aka deFreitas Retrovirus) as well as enteroviruses have been suspected of being causes of Myalgic encephalomyelits aka Chronic fatigue syndrome.

Types

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis aka Chronic fatigue syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Transverse myelitis

Prognosis

Untreated myelitis may rapidly lead to a permanently damaged spinal cord.

References

^ "myelitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Chamberlin SL, Narins B (eds.) (2005). The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. Detroit: Thomson Gale. pp. 1859–70. ISBN 0-7876-9150-X.
^ Pediatric Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection~followup at eMedicine
^ Taylor HB (October 1952). "Measles myelitis: report of a case and a review of diagnostic and therapeutic factors in measles encephalomyelitis". Calif Med 77 (4): 268–9. PMC 1521443. PMID 13009472. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1521443.
^ Ayumi Endo, Tatsuo Fuchigami, Yuki Imai, Wakako Ishii, et al. (2009). "A case of acute transverse myelitis due to measles virus". Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 4 (4): 405–8. DOI:10.3233/JPI-2009-0193. http://iospress.metapress.com/content/r06k262v7v5l4m15/.
^ Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis at eMedicine

Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G04–G47, 323–349)

Inflammation

Brain	Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic)

Spinal cord	Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis · Epidural abscess

Both/either	Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) Meningoencephalitis

Brain/
encephalopathy

Degenerative

Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Basal ganglia disease: Parkinsonism (PD, Postencephalitic, NMS) · PKAN · Tauopathy (PSP) · Striatonigral degeneration · Hemiballismus · HD · OA Dyskinesia: Dystonia (Status dystonicus, Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) · Chorea (Choreoathetosis) · Myoclonus (Myoclonic epilepsy) · Akathesia Tremor (Essential tremor, Intention tremor) · Restless legs · Stiff person

Dementia	Tauopathy: Alzheimer's (Early-onset) Primary progressive aphasia · Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Pick's, Dementia with Lewy bodies) Multi-infarct dementia

Mitochondrial disease	Leigh's disease

Demyelinating

autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary (Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, PMD, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease · Alpers' disease

Episodic/
paroxysmal

Seizure/epilepsy	Focal · Generalised · Status epilepticus · Myoclonic epilepsy

Headache	Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) · Cluster · Tension

Cerebrovascular	TIA (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia Acute aphasia) Stroke (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke)

Sleep disorders	Insomnia · Hypersomnia · Sleep apnea (Obstructive, Ondine's curse) · Narcolepsy · Cataplexy · Kleine-Levin · Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (Advanced sleep phase disorder, Delayed sleep phase disorder, Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, Jet lag)

CSF

Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/NPH, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension

Other

Brain herniation · Reye's · Hepatic encephalopathy · Toxic encephalopathy

Spinal cord/
myelopathy

Syringomyelia · Syringobulbia · Morvan's syndrome · Vascular myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome) · Spinal cord compression

Both/either

Degenerative

SA	Friedreich's ataxia · Ataxia telangiectasia

MND	UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP LMN only: Distal hereditary motor neuropathies · Spinal muscular atrophies (SMA, SMAX1, SMAX2, DSMA1, SMA-PCH, SMA-LED) · PMA · PBP (Fazio-Londe, Infantile progressive bulbar palsy) both: ALS

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Inflammation

Acute

Plasma derived mediators	Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)

Cell derived mediators	preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins

Chronic

Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma

Processes

Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa
Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis

Specific locations

Nervous	CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis)

Cardiovascular	Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis)

Respiratory	upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis

Digestive	mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis

Integumentary	Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis

Musculoskeletal	Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis

Urinary	Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis

Reproductive	female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis

Endocrine	Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis

Lymphatic	Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis

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Significations et usages de Myelitis

Définition

Définition (complément)

Synonymes

Locutions

Dictionnaire analogique

Myelitis

Contents

Symptoms and signs

Causes

Types

Prognosis

See also

References

Significations et usages de Myelitis

Définition signaler un problème

Définition (complément)

Synonymes signaler un problème

Locutions

Dictionnaire analogique

Myelitis

Contents

Symptoms and signs

Causes

Types

Prognosis

See also

References

Définition

Synonymes