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peritonitis (n.)
1.inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis (n.)
1.(MeSH)INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.
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Merriam Webster
PeritonitisPer`i*to*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the peritoneum.
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Peritonitis (n.) (MeSH)
peritonitis (n.)
⇨ Acute peritonitis • Chlamydial peritonitis • Chylous Peritonitis • Feline Infectious Peritonitis • Female pelvic peritonitis, unspecified • Gonococcal peritonitis • Infectious Peritonitis, Feline • Late syphilitic peritonitis • Meconium peritonitis • Neonatal peritonitis NOS • Other neonatal peritonitis • Other peritonitis • Pelvic peritonitis following conditions classifiable to O00.-, O01.-, O02.-, O03.-, O04.-, O05.-, O06.-, O07.- • Peritonitis (acute) generalized • Peritonitis (acute) pelvic, male • Peritonitis (acute) subphrenic • Peritonitis (acute) suppurative • Peritonitis aseptic • Peritonitis chemical • Peritonitis due to bile • Peritonitis due to urine • Peritonitis, Chylous • Peritonitis, Infectious, Feline • Peritonitis, Tuberculous • Peritonitis, unspecified • Primary Peritonitis • Puerperal peritonitis • Secondary Peritonitis • Syphilitic peritonitis • Tuberculous peritonitis • gonococcal peritonitis • peritonitis aseptic • peritonitis benign paroxysmal • peritonitis chemical • peritonitis due to talc or other foreign substance • peritonitis neonatal • peritonitis pelvic, female • peritonitis periodic familial • peritonitis puerperal • peritonitis with or following abortion or ectopic or molar pregnancy • peritonitis with or following appendicitis • peritonitis with or following diverticular disease of intestine • tuberculous peritonitis
⇨ Acute peritonitis • Feline infectious peritonitis • Meconium peritonitis • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Peritonitis (n.) [MeSH]
Peritoneal Diseases[Hyper.]
Peritonitis (n.)
Peritonitis K65[ClasseHyper.]
peritonitis (n.)
maladie de l'estomac (fr)[Classe]
inflammation : péritoine (fr)[Classe]
inflammation : système digestif (fr)[Classe]
medicine[Domaine]
PathologicProcess[Domaine]
inflammation, redness, rubor[Hyper.]
Wikipedia
Peritonitis | |
---|---|
Classification and external resources | |
ICD-10 | K65 |
ICD-9 | 567 |
DiseasesDB | 9860 |
eMedicine | med/2737 |
MeSH | D010538 |
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis may be localised or generalised, and may result from infection (often due to rupture of a hollow organ as may occur in abdominal trauma or appendicitis) or from a non-infectious process.
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The main manifestations of peritonitis are acute abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, and abdominal guarding, which are exacerbated by moving the peritoneum, e.g., coughing (forced cough may be used as a test), flexing one's hips, or eliciting the Blumberg sign (a.k.a. rebound tenderness, meaning that pressing a hand on the abdomen elicits less pain than releasing the hand abruptly, which will aggravate the pain, as the peritoneum snaps back into place). The presence of these signs in a patient is sometimes referred to as peritonism.[1] The localization of these manifestations depends on whether peritonitis is localized (e.g., appendicitis or diverticulitis before perforation), or generalized to the whole abdomen. In either case, pain typically starts as a generalized abdominal pain (with involvement of poorly localizing innervation of the visceral peritoneal layer), and may become localized later (with the involvement of the somatically innervated parietal peritoneal layer). Peritonitis is an example of an acute abdomen.
A diagnosis of peritonitis is based primarily on the clinical manifestations described above. If peritonitis is strongly suspected, then surgery is performed without further delay for other investigations. Leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and acidosis may be present, but they are not specific findings. Abdominal X-rays may reveal dilated, edematous intestines, although such X-rays are mainly useful to look for pneumoperitoneum, an indicator of gastrointestinal perforation. The role of whole-abdomen ultrasound examination is under study and is likely to expand in the future. Computed tomography (CT or CAT scanning) may be useful in differentiating causes of abdominal pain. If reasonable doubt still persists, an exploratory peritoneal lavage or laparoscopy may be performed. In patients with ascites, a diagnosis of peritonitis is made via paracentesis (abdominal tap): More than 250 polymorphonucleate cells per μL is considered diagnostic. In addition, Gram stain and culture of the peritoneal fluid can determine the microorganism responsible and determine their sensibility to antimicrobial agents.
In normal conditions, the peritoneum appears greyish and glistening; it becomes dull 2–4 hours after the onset of peritonitis, initially with scarce serous or slightly turbid fluid. Later on, the exudate becomes creamy and evidently suppurative; in dehydrated patients, it also becomes very inspissated. The quantity of accumulated exudate varies widely. It may be spread to the whole peritoneum, or be walled off by the omentum and viscera. Inflammation features infiltration by neutrophils with fibrino-purulent exudation.
Depending on the severity of the patient's state, the management of peritonitis may include:
If properly treated, typical cases of surgically correctable peritonitis (e.g., perforated peptic ulcer, appendicitis, and diverticulitis) have a mortality rate of about <10% in otherwise healthy patients, which rises to about 40% in the elderly, and/or in those with significant underlying illness, as well as in cases that present late (after 48 hours). If untreated, generalised peritonitis is almost always fatal.
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