Significations et usages de Toccoa,_Georgia

Toccoa, Georgia
—  City  —
Stephens County Courthouse in Toccoa
Nickname(s): City of Beauty
Location in Stephens County and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 34°34′29″N 83°19′12″W / 34.57472°N 83.32°W / 34.57472; -83.32Coordinates: 34°34′29″N 83°19′12″W / 34.57472°N 83.32°W / 34.57472; -83.32
Country	United States
State	Georgia
County	Stephens
Area
• Total	8.3 sq mi (21.6 km2)
• Land	8.3 sq mi (21.5 km2)
• Water	0 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation	994 ft (303 m)
Population (2000)
• Total	9,323
• Density	1,123.3/sq mi (431.6/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	30577
Area code(s)	706
FIPS code	13-76756[1]
GNIS feature ID	0333240[2]
Website	www.cityoftoccoa.com

Toccoa is a city in Stephens County, Georgia, United States located approximately 50 miles (80 km) from Athens and approximately 90 miles (140 km) northeast of Atlanta. The population was 9,323 at the 2000 census. The city is the seat of Stephens County.^[3]

Contents 1 History 2 Arts and culture 3 Kelly Barnes Dam failure 4 Geography 5 Demographics 6 Economy 6.1 Annual cultural events 6.2 Museums and other points of interest 7 Education 7.1 Stephens County School District 7.2 Schools 7.3 Higher education 8 Transportation 9 Historic Town Mall 10 Notable natives and residents 11 References 12 External links

  History

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Mississippian Indians (Mound Builders) and Cherokee Indians were the original inhabitants in the vicinity of what is now Toccoa and the surrounding area . The first residents of European descent were American Revolutionary War veterans who settled the area when the war ended. The Georgia General Assembly created Stephens County in 1905, and Toccoa was established as the county seat.^[4]

The name "Toccoa" is derived from the Cherokee word for "beautiful" or "where the Catawbas lived." The city was established in 1873 around an area formerly called Dry Pond, named for a pond that was waterless most of the time.^[5]

Camp Toccoa, a World War II paratrooper training base, was located nearby. It was the first training base for the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the Army's 101st Airborne Division, whose Easy Company was subject of the non-fiction book and subsequent HBO miniseries Band of Brothers.

Toccoa is also home to the Travelers Rest Inn, known locally as Jarrett Manor Toccoa Falls College. On November 6, 1977 the Kelly Barnes Dam, located above the college, failed. The resulting flood killed 39.^[6] Toccoa Falls is located on the campus of Toccoa Falls College.

On May 7, 2000, Mary Ann Stephens of Toccoa was shot to death outside a Ramada Inn in Jacksonville, Florida while on vacation with her husband. The incident received national attention and resulted in an Academy Award–winning French documentary, Murder on a Sunday Morning, on the arrest and acquittal of the original suspect.^[7]

Toccoa is the birthplace of singer Ida Cox, philanthropist Paul Edward Anderson, former 100 Black Men of America President Thomas W.Dortch Jr., former Clemson and NBA basketball player Dale Davis, former Georgia Tech and NFL football player Pat Swilling, and All-American (Georgia Tech) football player Ken Swilling. James Brown, nicknamed the "King of S"oul, lived in Toccoa a short time before his big break as a singer, and worked as a janitor at Toccoa High School. Bobby Byrd was a gospel musician and songwriter, and a sideman to James Brown. Paul Anderson, Olympic gold medalist in weightlifting known as "the world's strongest man," was born in Toccoa. His world record for the heaviest weight ever lifted by a human (6,270 lbs. in the back lift) still stands. A 16-ton granite marker is located at his birthplace. Ramblin' "Doc" Tommy Scott, composer of "Rollin' in My Sweet Baby's Arms", was born and lives here, .^[8] The documentary Southern Comfort was filmed in Toccoa about resident transman Robert Eads.

Internationally noted civil rights and social justice activist The Reverend Douglas Demetrius Prather, a native of Atlanta, also has family ties to the city of Toccoa. Rev. Prather is a direct descendant of the original Prather family for which Prather Bridge Road is named. According to historical accounts, The Johns House, a Victorian cottage near Prather Bridge Road, was built in 1898. Further down on the right, on a hill overlooking the valley of the upper Tugalo River, is Riverside, a Greek revival antebellum home that was built in 1850 by James D. Prather with slave labor and timber from his plantation. The Prather family cemetery is at the right of the house, about fifteen yards from the porch. During the Civil War, General Robert Tombs, a close friend of Mr. Prather, used the house as a refuge from northern troops. The soldiers pursued him to Riverside, where he was able to hide in a double closet and escape capture.

The first Prather’s Bridge was a swinging bridge built in 1804 by James Jeremiah Prather. Until then, travelers crossed the Tugalo River at fords and later by ferries. The first bridge was washed away during a freshet (an overflow caused by heavy rain). A more substantial bridge was built in 1850, but was burned in 1863 during the Civil War to keep the enemy from crossing. James Jeremiah and his son, James Devereaux, rebuilt the bridge in 1868. This bridge was also washed away in 1918 and was rebuilt in 1920 by James D. Prather. It was afterwards replaced by a concrete bridge, but was kept as a landmark until burned by vandals in 1978. The pillars still stand, made from rock quarried by Mr. Prather from a nearby hillside.

The novel "Fireworks Over Toccoa" by author Jeffrey Stepakoff, was published by St. Martin's Press and released nation-wide on March 30, 2010. A day-long celebration was held in Toccoa culminating in a fireworks display at Boyd Field in the evening.

  Arts and culture

This section requires expansion.

Although Toccoa prides itself on an array of different artists of different cultures, music also plays a great influence on the culture of Toccoa. Aaron Shust, a famous Christian artist, went to college at Toccoa Falls College and quickly scaled his way into the mainstream of Christian music. Another young, but successful group that originated from Toccoa is the band Sweet Escape, an American Christian Rock band formed in 2010.

  Kelly Barnes Dam failure

On November 6, 1977, the Kelly Barnes Dam failed and released over 170 million gallons of water above the Toccoa Falls College campus. The failure killed 20 children and 19 adults.

  Geography

Toccoa is located at 34°34′29″N 83°19′12″W / 34.57472°N 83.32°W / 34.57472; -83.32 (34.574725, -83.319865).^[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.4 square miles (22 km²), of which 8.3 square miles (21 km²) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km²) (0.60%) is water.

  Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 9,323 people, 3,879 households, and 2,443 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,121.3 inhabitants per square mile (433.2/km²). There were 4,378 housing units at an average density of 526.6 per square mile (203.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.47% White, 21.46% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.

There were 3,879 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were only 75.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,345, and the median income for a family was $31,912. Males had a median income of $28,004 versus $20,807 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,942. About 15.8% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

  Economy

Stephens County Development Authority (SCDA) was established in 1965 to continue and sustain the growth of Northeast Georgia. ^[10] SCDA is responsible for the recruitment of new businesses such as industrial, manufacturing, distribution, corporate and regional headquarters and customer service centers.^[11] SCDA serves the following cities: Toccoa, Eastanollee, Martin, and Avalon. Major industrial parks in the area are: Toccoa Industrial Park, Meadowbrook Industrial Park, and Hayestone Brady Business Park.^[12]

Top employers in descending order: Patterson Pump, ITR (GEM Industries), Standard Register, Sage Automotive Interiors, Habersham Plantation, Toccoa Falls College, Coats & Clark, Eaton Corporation.^[13]

  Annual cultural events

Currahee Military Weekend, Taste of Toccoa, Cinema on Sage, Costume Parade, Harvest Festival, ChristmasFest, Christmas Parade, Roots Rhythm And Rails Music Fest, and many others.

  Museums and other points of interest

The Currahee Military Museum, located in downtown Toccoa at the original train station where arriving GIs would disembark, is dedicated to the paratroopers of World War II who trained at Camp Toccoa. Camp Toccoa was located just outside the city proper, at the foot of Currahee Mountain, and was formerly known as Camp Toombs. The museum houses the original Aldbourne stables where paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division were housed temporarily in England in 1944. Only one building remains of the original Camp Toccoa (the building is believed to be a former food supply storage facility, based on its position near the former camp's gates and the foundation's construction), and it was donated to the museum in 2011 by the Milliken company who was using it as a machine shop. The museum intends to restore the building, along with the surrounding grounds.

On the first Saturday of every October, a six-mile race is held along the Colonel Sink Trail, the same trail used by the paratroopers as part of their training for combat. The common refrain is "Three Miles Up And Three Miles Back". The race is part of the larger Currahee Military Weekend, which features World War II military reenactments in a staged military camp, weapons demonstrations, book signings by veterans, a parade through the downtown historic district, a hangar dance at the airport, and a special banquet featuring key note speakers and veterans.

Local lore includes the Hanging Tree, located on the western side of the Stephens County Courthouse. The actual tree used for the executions is now just a stump on the courthouse lawn, the tree having been removed in 2011. Facing the courthouse, the Hanging Tree was just to the viewer's left.

The clock at the spire of the courthouse was restored to operational condition in 2010 as part of an overall renovation of the building, and is the highlight of the historic district which features several buildings from the American Civil War period.

The Toccoa Casket Company, now out of business, was the largest supplier of caskets to the military until Vietnam. Its building is located on the main road leading into Toccoa from the south, on the route from Toccoa to Currahee Mountain.

  Education

  Stephens County School District

The Stephens County School District serves students in pre-school through grade twelve, and has four elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.^[14] The district has 304 full-time teachers and over 4,405 students.^[15]

  Schools

• Stephens County High School (SCHS) (Grades 9–12),
• Stephens County Middle School (SCMS) (Grades 6–8),
• Liberty Elementary (Grades Pre-K–5),
• Toccoa Elementary (Grades K–5),
• Eastonallee Elementary (Grades K–5),
• Big A Elementary (Grades K–5).

Stephens County High School is currently^[when?] having a new facility built. Crossroads Juvenile Academy is an alternative school in Stephens County, that gives behaviorally impaired students a second chance. Mountain Education Center is an online night school that gives full Georgia High School Diplomas. This course is designed not only for full time students but also part-time students that are working to recover lost credits.^[16]

  Higher education

  Transportation

Amtrak's Crescent connects Toccoa with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham, and New Orleans. The Amtrak station is situated at 47 North Alexander St. The picture to the left is how the station appeared prior to the extension of the Currahee Military Museum, which was built to house the Aldebourne Stables and a growing collection of artifacts. That extension was subsequently enlarged in 2009 to include a community room and gift shop.

Toccoa is also home to the Toccoa Airport, a small executive airport to the northeast of town.

The nearest interstate highway is Interstate 85.

  Historic Town Mall

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Located near the train depot (connecting to Atlanta, etc.), is where the downtown area of Toccoa, is located. Also located nearby is the Toccoa courthouse. Around the 1950s leading up towards the 1980s, business was bustling in this "mall" as they called it. Each day people would flood to downtown Toccoa and shop. Back then there were several national retail outlets located in downtown Toccoa, one of those being the Belk Gallant department store.

In the early 1960s around the country large shopping malls began to compete with local downtown businesses and many began to fail. As an answer to the depressed conditions in downtowns, not only in Toccoa but in other towns as well, concrete canopies were erected and streets were closed to create a pedestrian mall. In less than ten years it was evident that instead of enhancing businesses and creating a positive downtown image, these canopies actually accelerated the downtown’s decline.

When the Belk Gallant department store announced it was going to move along a four lane road called Big A, community leaders organized Toccoa Main Street in 1990. In 1991, the Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA) Resource Team recommended that the canopies be removed and that the street be opened once again to vehicular traffic. However, for many years the project was not supported.

During that time, Toccoa Main Street implemented many changes and improvements to the downtown mall area. Brick pavers were installed and trees were planted. However, the canopies themselves began to deteriorate, and no support was found to repair them. During this time, businesses continued to flounder and many of the buildings were empty and in disrepair.

Over time, however, with growing support, approval was given to start the canopy removal project. Efforts that helped contribute community support for the project include: county-wide public surveys, University of Georgia (UGA) Market Study, a UGA design charrette, and renderings of individual buildings without the canopies provided by the GA Trust for Historic Preservation and UGA Community Design Planning and Preservation. To gather the necessary funds for the project, Toccoa partnered with six state agencies (Appalachian Regional Commission, Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA), One Georgia Authority, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) that provided $1.3 million, with additional local funding of $552,000.

During the canopy removal and street re-opening project, private interest in downtown increased. In 2008, downtown saw 33 storefronts renovated (under the guidance of the Georgia Mountains Regional Development Center (RDC) Historic Preservation Planner), 11 new business, 17 new jobs, 28 part-time jobs and 68 full-time equivalent jobs retained, and private investment of $3.5 million. Toccoa’s Main Street was re-opened to vehicular traffic. “The change in downtown is stunning,” said (then) Mayor Ron Seib. “Tourists and locals alike are visiting downtown, and parking is now at a premium, especially at lunch.”^{[cite this quote]}

The Currahee Military Museum, featured recently in the PBS Series, GA Traveler, and named as one of the best museums along the East Coast by Blue Ridge Mountain Magazine, is another attraction that continues downtown’s resurgence. Located in the restored historic train depot, the museum features a massive exhibit of 506’s Easy Company memorabilia. This World War II paratrooper company was popularized by the HBO Miniseries Band of Brothers. The depot housing this museum was recently restored to its pre-1940’s appearance. The depot building had previously been used as a maintenance and storage area for Norfolk Southern. Now it has been transformed to a publicly owned building that is home to the Chamber, Welcome Center, Stephens County Historical Society Museum, the Currahee Military Museum, and Amtrak. Funding for the million dollar project was received through Transportation Enhancement Activity (TEA) and GDOT funds of $400,000; local funding of $100,000 and private investment funds of over $500,000 were contributed. The museum just completed its second addition, funded by SPLOST.^{[expand acronym]}

Enhancing Toccoa “as a Northeast Georgia destination” is the newly restored Courthouse which anchors the downtown district. The renovation project was overseen by a governmental appointed citizen authority. Funded entirely by SPLOST dollars, the $2 million renovation project brought a historic 1907 building back to life while adding green space to the historic district and retained government offices and downtown customers in the city’s square.

  Notable natives and residents

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• Paul Edward Anderson, (1932–1994) – gold medal winner in Olympic weightlifting
• Dan Biggers (1931-2011) – actor
• James Brown (1933–2006) – singer, songwriter, dancer and bandleader
• Bobby Byrd (1934–2007) – musician, songwriter and record producer.
• Ida Cox (1896–1967) – blues singer and vaudeville performer.
• Dee Clark (1938–1990) – singer
• Dale Davis, (born 1969) – former professional basketball player.
• DeForest Kelley (1920–1999) – actor.
• Evan Oglesby, (born 1981) -- professional football player.
• Oral Roberts, (1918–2009) -- pastor and televangelist.^[17]
• Jerry Kenneth "Ken" Swilling, (born 1970) -- football player and a Safety on the Georgia Tech 1990 National Championship Team.
• Pat Swilling, (born 1964) -- professional football player and politician.

  References

  External links

• Official website
• Main Street Toccoa website
• Main Street Toccoa Facebook website
• U.S. Geological Survey
• Toccoa Facebook website
• Stephens County Development Authority
• pictures of the renovated Mainstreet Toccoa

Municipalities and communities of Stephens County, Georgia, United States County seat: Toccoa City Toccoa Towns Avalon Martin‡ Unincorporated community Eastanollee Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties