Significations et usages de boggle

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2012)

  Typical game contents and scoring example.

Boggle is a word game designed by Allan Turoff and trademarked by Parker Brothers, a division of Hasbro. The game is played using a plastic grid of lettered dice, in which players attempt to find words in sequences of adjacent letters.

  Rules

The game begins by shaking a covered tray of sixteen cubic dice, each with a different letter printed on each of its sides. The dice settle into a 4x4 tray so that only the top letter of each cube is visible. After they have settled into the grid, a three-minute sand timer is started and all players simultaneously begin the main phase of play.

Each player searches for words that can be constructed from the letters of sequentially adjacent cubes, where "adjacent" cubes are those horizontally, vertically or diagonally neighboring. Words must be at least three letters long, may include singular and plural (or other derived forms) separately, but may not use the same letter cube more than once per word. Each player records all the words he or she finds by writing on a private sheet of paper. After three minutes have elapsed, all players must immediately stop writing and the game enters the scoring phase.

In the scoring phase, each player reads off his or her list of discovered words. If two or more players wrote the same word, it is removed from all players' lists. Any player may challenge the validity of a word, in which case a previously nominated dictionary is used to verify or refute it. For all words remaining after duplicates have been eliminated, points are awarded based on the length of the word. The winner is the player whose point total is highest, with any ties typically broken by count of long words.

One cube is printed with Qu. This is because Q is nearly always followed by U in English words (see exceptions), and if there were a Q in Boggle, it would be unusable if a U did not, by chance, appear next to it. For the purposes of scoring Qu counts as two letters: squid would score two points (for a five-letter word) despite being formed from a chain of only four cubes.

The North American National Scrabble Association publishes the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (OSPD), which is also suitable for Boggle. This dictionary includes all variant forms of words up to eight letters in length. A puzzle book entitled 100 Boggle Puzzles (Improve Your Game) offering 100 game positions was published in the UK in 2003 but is no longer in print.

Different versions of Boggle have varying distributions of letters. For example, a more modern version (with a blue box) in the UK has easier letters, such as only one "K", but an older version (with a yellow box, from 1986) has two Ks and a generally more awkward letter distribution.

Using the sixteen cubes in a standard Boggle set, the list of longest words that can be formed includes Inconsequentially, Quadricentennials, and Sesquicentennials, all seventeen letter words made possible by q and u appearing on the same face of one cube.^[1]

Words within words are also allowed, for example: "Master", the two separate words being "Mast" and "aster." Neither the cubes nor the board may be touched while the timer is running.

  Boggle game variants

Numerous computer versions and variants of the game are available for play on the web and for download. (For instance, see Facebook's "BitWordy" & "Prolific" applications.) Additionally, Parker Brothers has introduced several licensed variations on the game. As of 2006^[update], only Boggle Junior and Travel Boggle (also marketed as Boggle Folio), continue to be manufactured and marketed in North America alongside the standard Boggle game, apart from a licensed keychain miniature version. Boggle Junior is a much simplified version intended for young children. Boggle Travel is a car-friendly version of the standard 4×4 set. The compact, zippered case includes pencils and small pads of paper, as well as an electronic timer, and notably, a cover made from a soft plastic that produces much less noise when the board is shaken.

Big Boggle, later marketed as Boggle Master and Boggle Deluxe, featured a 5×5 tray, and disallowed 3-letter words. Some editions of the Big Boggle set included an adapter which could convert the larger grid into a standard 4×4 Boggle grid. In the United Kingdom, Hasbro UK currently markets Super Boggle, which features both the 4×4 and 5×5 grid and an electronic timer which flashes to indicate the start and finish.^[2] Despite the game's popularity in North America, no version of Boggle offering a 5×5 grid was marketed outside Europe for an extended period until recently, when Winning Moves Games revived the Big Boggle name for a new version released in 2011. Their variant features a two-letter die with popular letter combinations such as Qu, Th and In.^[3]

In 2008, Parker Brothers released a self-contained version of the game with the dice sealed inside a plastic unit, and featuring an integrated timer. Although the older version has been discontinued, some retailers refer to the newer one as "Boggle Reinvention" to avoid confusion.

Other obsolete Boggle variants include:

• A version of the standard 4×4 set that included a special red "Boggle challenge cube", featuring six relatively uncommon letters. Bonus points are awarded for all words making use of the red cube.
• Boggle CDROM, a version for Windows, produced and marketed by Hasbro Interactive, including both 4×4 and 5×5 versions, several 3-D versions, and facilities allowing up to four players to compete directly over the Internet.
• Body Boggle, which is more akin to Twister than it is to standard Boggle. Two players work together as a team, using their hands and feet to spell words on a large floor mat containing pre-printed Boggle letters.
• Boggle Bowl, which is somewhat similar to Scrabble in that players must form words by placing letter tiles onto a (bowl-shaped) playing area.
• Boggle was once an interactive TV game show hosted by game show veteran Wink Martindale, that aired on The Family Channel (now ABC Family) replacing the interactive version of Trivial Pursuit.
• Coggle, which functions in a similar manner to Boggle but involves creating a word to fit a particular theme. Was mainly aimed at the French and Canadian market.
• Boggle Flash. An electronic version of Boggle, but consists of 5 tiles in which 1-10 players make words by swapping tiles. This product is sold in the United States under the name Scrabble Flash^[4]

In the Philippines, a similar game which was first distributed in 1978 and is still in circulation up to the present is the game "Word Factory." The game was first patented in the Philippines, and is currently being manufactured and distributed to selected retailers by the Philippines-based game manufacturer, 13 P.M. Enterprises. Word Factory was a variation on the version of Boggle as it existed in 1978: using a 5×5 grid instead of a 4×4 one, and using plastic dice instead of wooden ones. At present, the game is being marketed to other countries, targeting mostly migrant Filipino families.

  Visualization of allowable cross-overs in PBC Boggle. Example words include "lasso" (16,11,7,3,15), "sole" (3,15,16,1), and "file" (9,12,16,1).

A variant of the standard Boggle rules is periodic boundary conditions (PBC) Boggle, in which the borders of the board are effectively expanded by being repeated periodically.^{[original research?]} The letters on the edges of the board behave as if adjacent to those on the opposite side, allowing for words to continue on another part of the board. This is known as "crossing-over." Crossing-over can take place at either an edge or a corner. In the figure, block 15 can cross-over to blocks 2, 3, or 4 while block 16 can cross-over to blocks 1, 3, 4, 9, or 13. There is no limit to the number of times a word can cross-over, however each letter can still be used only once. Since this setup greatly increases the potential word count, 3-letter words should be disallowed.

  Club and tournament play

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)

While not as widely institutionally established as Scrabble, several clubs have been established for the purpose of organizing Boggle play. Official Boggle clubs exist at a number of educational institutions, including the Dartmouth Union of Bogglers at Dartmouth College,^[5] the Western Oregon University Boggle Club,^[6] the University of Michigan Boggle Club,^[7] University of Delaware Boggle Club,^[8] Berkeley Boggle Club at the University of California, Berkeley,^[9] and Grinnell College Boggle Club.^[10]

Unlike Scrabble, there is no national or international governing or rule-making body for Boggle competition and no official tournament regulations exist.

  Pop Culture

In the animated comedy series King of the Hill, the episode Peggy the Boggle Champ centers around Peggy Hill entering the Texas State Boggle Championship.

In American comedy series "The Big Bang Theory", the main characters occasionally enjoy playing a variant of Boggle in the Klingon language, from the Star Trek franchise.

  See also

• Boggle (game show)
• App Store - XoLettres

  References

  External links

• BitWordy The online word game
• Smoggle Multidimensional and multilanguage C++ Boggle solver.
• DeepSearch Solution To The Top Ten 5x5 Boggle Boards Search - By JohnPaul Adamovsky
• Boggle Variations 4x4, 5x5, Wild Card, Quick Boggle