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homo (n.)
1.any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage
2.person who is attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex
3.someone who practices homosexuality; having a sexual attraction to persons of the same sex
Homo (n.)
1.(MeSH)Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).;A tribe (taxon between family and genus) consisting of the line leading to HUMANS after its split from the other African ape lineages. This tribe includes all of the Homo species (HOMO SAPIENS, H. ergaster, H. rudolfensis), all of the Australopithecines (Australopithicus africanus, A. boisei, etc.) and other ancient forms like Paranthropus and Ardipithecus.;An obsolete name for a family of Primates consisting of three genera: Pongo (PONGO PYGMAEUS), Pan (PAN TROGLODYTES and PAN PANISCUS), and Gorilla (GORILLA GORILLA).
homo- (n.)
1.(MeSH)Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).;A tribe (taxon between family and genus) consisting of the line leading to HUMANS after its split from the other African ape lineages. This tribe includes all of the Homo species (HOMO SAPIENS, H. ergaster, H. rudolfensis), all of the Australopithecines (Australopithicus africanus, A. boisei, etc.) and other ancient forms like Paranthropus and Ardipithecus.;An obsolete name for a family of Primates consisting of three genera: Pongo (PONGO PYGMAEUS), Pan (PAN TROGLODYTES and PAN PANISCUS), and Gorilla (GORILLA GORILLA).
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Merriam Webster
Homo-Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common, joint.
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⇨ voir la définition de Wikipedia
Homo (n.) (MeSH)
Apes (MeSH), Hominidae (MeSH), Hominids (MeSH), Hominini (MeSH), Hominins (MeSH), homo- (MeSH), Pongidae (MeSH)
homo (n.)
gay, homophile, homosexual, human, human being, invert, man, fag (colloquial, U.S.A.), poof (colloquial)
Voir aussi
homo (n.)
↘ anthropic, anthropical ↗ human
⇨ Homo erectus • Homo habilis • Homo heidelbergensis • Homo rhodesiensis • Homo sapiens • Homo sapiens neanderthalensis • Homo sapiens sapiens • Homo soloensis • ecce homo • genus Homo • homo erectus
⇨ 1000 Homo DJs • A Requiem for Homo Sapiens • Archaic Homo sapiens • Cur Deus Homo • Cur Deus homo • Cur deus homo • Ecce Homo • Ecce Homo (Antonello da Messina) • Ecce Homo (Bosch, 1470s) • Ecce Homo (Bosch, 1490s) • Ecce Homo (Caravaggio) • Ecce Homo (album) • Ecce Homo (book) • Ecce Homo (church) • Ecce Homo (disambiguation) • Ecce Homo (exhibition) • Genus Homo (novel) • HOMO/LUMO • Homo (disambiguation) • Homo (genus) • Homo Erectus (film) • Homo Excelsior • Homo Habilis Blues • Homo Hierarchicus • Homo Homini Lupis • Homo LesBische Federatie Nederland • Homo Ludens (book) • Homo Magi • Homo Necans • Homo Oeconomicus • Homo Sapien • Homo Sapiens • Homo Sapiens (album) • Homo Sapiens (song) • Homo Sapiens 1900 • Homo Sapiens Astartes • Homo Sol • Homo Sovieticus • Homo Transvaalensis • Homo Vitruvianus • Homo Zapiens • Homo antecessor • Homo cepranensis • Homo consumericus • Homo economicus • Homo erectus • Homo erectus (album) • Homo erectus soloensis • Homo ergaster • Homo faber • Homo faber (novel) • Homo floresiensis • Homo floriensis • Homo gardarensis • Homo georgicus • Homo habilis • Homo heidelbergensis • Homo homini lupus • Homo hop • Homo mermanus • Homo novus • Homo rhodesiensis • Homo rudolfensis • Homo sacer • Homo sapiens • Homo sapiens (Marvel Comics) • Homo sapiens (disambiguation) • Homo sapiens idaltu • Homo sapiens sapiens • Homo sociologicus • Homo technologicus • Homo unius libri • Jocko Homo • No homo • Novus homo • Paul Homo • PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival • Samu (Homo erectus)
Homo (n.) [MeSH]
Catarrhini[Hyper.]
Anthropology[Analogie]
homo (n.)
homo (n.)
queer; poof; fag[Classe]
invert; homosexual; homo; gay; homophile[ClasseHyper.]
Wikipedia - voir aussi
Wikipedia
Homo Temporal range: 2.4–0 Ma Pliocene–present |
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Homo habilis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Primates |
Family: | Hominidae |
Tribe: | Hominini |
Subtribe: | Hominina |
Genus: | Homo Linnaeus, 1758 |
Type species | |
Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 |
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Species | |
Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and species closely related to them. The genus is estimated to be about 2.3 to 2.4 million years old,[1][2] having evolved from australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis. Specifically, H. habilis is assumed to be the direct descendant of Australopithecus garhi, which lived about 2.5 million years ago. However, in May 2010 H. gautengensis was discovered, a species believed to be even older than H. habilis.[3]
The most salient physiological development between the two species is the increase in cranial capacity, from about 450 cc (27 cu in) in A. garhi to 600 cc (37 cu in) in H. habilis. Within the Homo genus, cranial capacity again doubled from H. habilis through Homo ergaster or H. erectus to Homo heidelbergensis by 0.6 million years ago. The cranial capacity of H. heidelbergensis overlaps with the range found in modern humans.
The advent of Homo was thought to coincide with the first evidence of stone tools (the Oldowan industry), and thus by definition with the beginning of the Lower Palaeolithic; however, recent evidence from Ethiopia now places the earliest evidence of stone tool usage at before 3.39 million years ago.[4] The emergence of Homo coincides roughly with the onset of Quaternary glaciation, the beginning of the current ice age.
All species of the genus except Homo sapiens (modern humans) are extinct. Homo neanderthalensis, traditionally considered the last surviving relative, died out about 24,000 years ago, though a recent discovery suggests another species, Homo floresiensis, discovered in 2003, may have lived as recently as 12,000 years ago. The other extant Homininae—the chimpanzees and gorillas—have a limited geographic range. In contrast, the evolution of humans is a history of migrations and admixture. According to genetic studies, modern humans bred with "at least two groups" of ancient humans: Neanderthals and Denisovans.[5] Humans repeatedly left Africa to populate Eurasia and finally the Americas, Oceania, and the rest of the world.
Contents |
In biological sciences, particularly anthropology and palaeontology, the common name for all members of the genus Homo is "human".
The word homo is Latin, in the original sense of "human being", or "man" (in the gender-neutral sense). The word "human" itself is from Latin humanus, an adjective cognate to homo, both thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European word for "earth" reconstructed as *dhǵhem-.[6]
The binominal name Homo sapiens is due to Carl Linnaeus[7] (1758).
Names for other species were coined beginning in the second half of the 19th century (H. neanderthalensis 1864, H. erectus 1892).
Species status of Homo rudolfensis, H. ergaster, H. georgicus, H. antecessor, H. cepranensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. floresiensis remains under debate. H. heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis are closely related to each other and have been considered to be subspecies of H. sapiens. Recently, nuclear DNA from a Neanderthal specimen from Vindija Cave has been sequenced, as well, using two different methods that yield similar results regarding Neanderthal and H. sapiens lineages, with both analyses suggesting a date for the split between 460,000 and 700,000 years ago, though a population split of around 370,000 years is inferred. The nuclear DNA results indicate about 30% of derived alleles in H. sapiens are also in the Neanderthal lineage. This high frequency may suggest some gene flow between ancestral humans and Neanderthal populations.[8]
Species | Lived when (Ma) | Lived where | Adult height | Adult mass | Cranial capacity (cm³) | Fossil record | Discovery / publication of name |
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Denisova hominin | 0.04 | Altai Krai | 1 site | 2010 | |||
H. antecessor | 1.2 – 0.8 | Spain | 1.75 m (5.7 ft) | 90 kg (200 lb) | 1,000 | 2 sites | 1997 |
H. cepranensis | 0.5 – 0.35 | Italy | 1,000 | 1 skull cap | 1994/2003 | ||
H. erectus | 1.8 – 0.2 | Africa, Eurasia (Java, China, India, Caucasus) | 1.8 m (5.9 ft) | 60 kg (130 lb) | 850 (early) – 1,100 (late) | Many | 1891/1892 |
H. ergaster | 1.9 – 1.4 | Eastern and Southern Africa | 1.9 m (6.2 ft) | 700–850 | Many | 1975 | |
H. floresiensis | 0.10 – 0.012 | Indonesia | 1.0 m (3.3 ft) | 25 kg (55 lb) | 400 | 7 individuals | 2003/2004 |
H. gautengensis | >2 – 0.6 | South Africa | 1.0 m (3.3 ft) | 1 individual | 2010/2010 | ||
H. habilis | 2.3 – 1.4 | Africa | 1.0–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) | 33–55 kg (73–120 lb) | 510–660 | Many | 1960/1964 |
H. heidelbergensis | 0.6 – 0.35 | Europe, Africa, China | 1.8 m (5.9 ft) | 90 kg (200 lb) | 1,100–1,400 | Many | 1908 |
H. neanderthalensis | 0.35 – 0.03 | Europe, Western Asia | 1.6 m (5.2 ft) | 55–70 kg (120–150 lb) (heavily built) | 1,200–1,900 | Many | (1829)/1864 |
H. rhodesiensis | 0.3 – 0.12 | Zambia | 1,300 | Very few | 1921 | ||
H. rudolfensis | 1.9 | Kenya | 1 skull | 1972/1986 | |||
H. sapiens idaltu | 0.16 – 0.15 | Ethiopia | 1,450 | 3 craniums | 1997/2003 | ||
H. sapiens sapiens (modern humans) | 0.2 – present | Worldwide | 1.4–1.9 m (4.6–6.2 ft) | 50–100 kg (110–220 lb) | 1,000–1,850 | Still living | —/1758 |
H. habilis, which is considered the first member of the genus Homo, gave rise to H. ergaster. Some of H. ergaster migrated to Asia, where they are named Homo erectus, and to Europe with Homo georgicus. H. ergaster in Africa and H. erectus in Eurasia evolved separately for almost two million years and presumably separated into two different species. Homo rhodesiensis, who were descended from H. ergaster, migrated from Africa to Europe and became Homo heidelbergensis and later (about 250,000 years ago) Homo neanderthalensis and the Denisova hominin in Asia. The first Homo sapiens, descendants of H. rhodesiensis, appeared in Africa about 250,000 years ago. About 100,000 years ago, some H. sapiens sapiens migrated from Africa to the Levant and met with resident Neanderthals, with some admixture.[9] Later, about 70,000 years ago, perhaps after the Toba catastrophe, a small group left the Levant to populate Eurasia, Australia and later the Americas. A subgroup among them met the Denisovans[10] and, after further admixture, migrated to populate Melanesia. In this scenario, non-African people living today are mostly of African origin ("Out of Africa model"). However, there was also some admixture with Neanderthals and Denisovans, who had evolved locally (the "multiregional hypothesis"). Recent genomic results from the group of Svante Pääbo also show that 30,000 years ago at least three major subspecies coexisted: Denisovans, Neanderthals and Cro-magnons.[11] Today, only H. sapiens sapiens remains, with no other extant species or subspecies.
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