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Significations et usages de lesion

Définition

lesion (n.)

1.any localized abnormal structural change in a bodily part

2.an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

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Merriam Webster

LesionLe"sion (lē"zhŭn), n. [F. lésion, L. laesio, fr. laedere, laesum, to hurt, injure.] A hurt; an injury. Specifically: (a) (Civil Law) Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or contract. Burrill. (b) (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the texture of organs. Dunglison.

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Définition (complément)

⇨ voir la définition de Wikipedia

Synonymes

lesion (n.)

injury, wound

Voir aussi

Locutions

Armanni-Ebstein lesion • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | abdomen and other • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | cervical region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | head region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | lower extremity • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | lumbar region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | pelvic region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | rib cage • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | sacral region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | thoracic region • Biomechanical lesion, unspecified | upper extremity • Bullous Lesion • Coin Lesion, Pulmonary • Congenital disease or lesion NOS of brain • Congenital disease or lesion NOS of nervous system • Congenital disease or lesion NOS of spinal cord or meninges • En coup de sabre lesion • Janeway's lesion • Lesion of Sciatic Nerve • Lesion of femoral nerve • Lesion of lateral popliteal nerve • Lesion of medial popliteal nerve • Lesion of plantar nerve • Lesion of radial nerve • Lesion of sciatic nerve • Lesion of ulnar nerve • Lesion, Superficial Radial Nerve • Minimal change lesion • Neural-Optical Lesion • Overlapping lesion of accessory sinuses • Overlapping lesion of biliary tract • Overlapping lesion of bladder • Overlapping lesion of bone and articular cartilage • Overlapping lesion of bone and articular cartilage of limbs • Overlapping lesion of brain • Overlapping lesion of brain and other parts of central nervous system • Overlapping lesion of breast • Overlapping lesion of bronchus and lung • Overlapping lesion of cervix uteri • Overlapping lesion of colon • Overlapping lesion of connective and soft tissue • Overlapping lesion of corpus uteri • Overlapping lesion of digestive system • Overlapping lesion of eye and adnexa • Overlapping lesion of female genital organs • Overlapping lesion of floor of mouth • Overlapping lesion of heart, mediastinum and pleura • Overlapping lesion of hypopharynx • Overlapping lesion of larynx • Overlapping lesion of lip • Overlapping lesion of lip, oral cavity and pharynx • Overlapping lesion of major salivary glands • Overlapping lesion of male genital organs • Overlapping lesion of nasopharynx • Overlapping lesion of oesophagus • Overlapping lesion of oropharynx • Overlapping lesion of other and ill-defined sites • Overlapping lesion of other and unspecified parts of mouth • Overlapping lesion of palate • Overlapping lesion of pancreas • Overlapping lesion of penis • Overlapping lesion of peripheral nerves and autonomic nervous system • Overlapping lesion of rectum, anus and anal canal • Overlapping lesion of respiratory and intrathoracic organs • Overlapping lesion of retroperitoneum and peritoneum • Overlapping lesion of skin • Overlapping lesion of small intestine • Overlapping lesion of stomach • Overlapping lesion of tongue • Overlapping lesion of tonsil • Overlapping lesion of urinary organs • Overlapping lesion of vulva • Pulmonary Coin Lesion • Radial Nerve Lesion • Shoulder lesion, unspecified • due to spinal cord lesion • lesion of sciatic nerve

Dictionnaire analogique

lesion (n.)

injury; lesion; wound[ClasseHyper.]


lesion (n.)

pathology[Hyper.]


lesion (n.)


Wikipedia

Lesion

                   

A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism (in layman's terms, "damage"), usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.

Contents

  History

DuVerney was the first to use experimental ablation method on animals in 1679. Flourens first publish the method in 1824, describing the method and behavioral effect of brain damage.

Lesions done by knife cuts and suction techniques were called mechanical lesions were tried by Veyssiere and Nothnagel in 1874. The process was using a fine wire blade through head. Rotate the curved or angled wire, and cut neural projection. Baginski and Lehmann in 1886 used this method with thin glass tube lowered through a small hole in the skull.

In 1895, Golsinger first to make electrolytic lesions in animals. In 1898 by Sellier and Verger destroyed discrete areas in the caudate and anterior segment of internal capsule passing current through double needle electrodes insulated. This process kills surrounding of the electrode.

1908, Horsley and Clark develop stereotaxic method and combine with electrolytic lesions to improve localization, precision, and reliability of brain damage in subcortical structures.

  Types

Because the definition of a lesion is so broad, the varieties of lesions are virtually endless. Lesions can occur anywhere in the body that consists of soft tissue or osseous matter, though most frequently found in the mouth, skin, and the brain, or anywhere where a tumour may occur.[1] They are subsequently classified by their features. If a lesion is caused by a tumor it will be classified as malignant or benign. Lesions may be classified by the shape they form, as is the case with many ulcers, which can have a bullseye or 'target' appearance. Their size may be specified as gross or histologic depending on whether they are visible to the unaided eye or require a microscope to see.

An additional classification that is sometimes used is based on whether or not a lesion occupies space. A space-occupying lesion, as the name suggests, has a recognizable volume and may impinge on nearby structures, whereas a non space-occupying lesion is simply a hole in the tissue, e.g. a small area of the brain that has turned to fluid following a stroke.

Some lesions have specialized names, such as Ghon lesions in the lungs of tuberculosis victims. The characteristic skin lesions of a varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection are called chickenpox. Lesions of the teeth are usually called dental caries.

Another type of lesion is excitotoxic lesions that can be caused by excitatory amino acid like kainic acid that kills neuron by stimulating to death.

Sham lesions are the process of putting stereotaxic apparatus and insert it inside the skull to produce a lesion to see if behavior correlates with the brain lesion.

Finally, lesions are often classified by their location. For example, a 'skin lesion' or a 'brain lesion'.

  Causes

Lesions are caused by any process that damages tissues. Lesions can also be caused by metabolic processes, like an ulcer or autoimmune activity, as in the case with many forms of arthritis.

Lesions are sometimes intentionally inflicted during neurosurgery, such as the carefully placed brain lesion used to treat epilepsy and other brain disorders. (See Ablative brain surgery.)

Note that lesions are not limited to animals or humans; damaged plants are said to have lesions.

  Effects

Studies show there is a correlation with lesion with language, speech, and category-specific disorders. However, lesion to Broca's and Wernicke's areas not found to alter language comprehension.

Lesion in amygdala would eliminate the enhanced activation seen in occipital and fusiform visual areas in response to fear with the area intact. Amygdala lesions change the functional pattern of activation to emotional stimuli in regions that are distant form the amygdala.

Lesion size has a correlation with severity, recovery, and comprehension.

In the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with unilateral frontal or nonfrontal lesions patients. Left frontal lesions did more poorly but had high perseverative error score. In right frontal and nonfrontal lesions are impaired but due to differences in patients. As a result, medial frontal lesions are associated with poor performance.

  See also

  References

  1. ^ "What are Lesions?". WiseGeek. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-lesions.htm. Retrieved 4 December 2011. 

2. Alexander, M.P., Naeser, M.A., & Palumbo, C.L. (1987). Correlations Of Subcortical CT Lesion Sites And Aphasia Profiles. Brain, 110, 961-991.

3. Cancelliere, A.E.B, Kertesz, A. (1990). Lesion Localization In Acquired Deficits Of Emotional Expression And Comprehension. Brain and Cognition, 13(2), 133-147.

4. Carlson, N.R. (1977). Physiology of behavior. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

5. Drewe, E.A. (1974). The Effect Of Type And Area Of Brain Lesion On Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance. A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 10(2), 159-170.

6. Dronkers, N.F., Wilkins, D.P., Van Valin Jr., R.D., Redfern, B.B, Jaeger, J.J. (2004). Lesion Analysis Of The Brain Areas Involved In Language Comprehension. Cognition, 92(1-2), 145-177.

7. Gainotti, G. (2000). What the Locus of Brain Lesion Tells us About the Nature of the Cognitive Defect Underlying Category-Specific Disorders: A Review. Cortex, 36(4), 539-559.

8. Kent, R.D. (1982). Prosodic Disturbance And Neurologic Lesion. Brain and Language, 15(2), 259-291.

9. Kertesz, A., Harlock, W., & Coates, R. (2004). Computer Tomographic Localization, Lesion Size, And Prognosis In Aphasia And Nonverbal Impairment. Brain and Language, 8(1), 34-50.

10. Schallert, T., & Wilcox, R.E. (1986). Neurotransimitter-Selective Brain Lesions. Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1, 343-387.

11. Vuilleumier, P., Richardson, M.P., Armony, J.L., Driver, J. & Dolan, R.J. (2004). Distant Influences Of Amygdala Lesion On Visual Cortical Activation During Emotional Face Processing. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 1271-1278.

  External links

   
               

 

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