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Significations et usages de stain
Définition
stain (v. trans.)
1.place under suspicion or cast doubt upon"sully someone's reputation"
2.color for microscopic study"The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
3.color with a liquid dye or tint"Stain this table a beautiful walnut color" "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
4.produce or leave stains"Red wine stains the table cloth"
5.make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically"The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air" "Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man"
stain (n.)
1.an act that brings discredit to the person who does it"he made a huge blot on his copybook"
2.a soiled or discolored appearance"the wine left a dark stain"
3.a symbol of disgrace or infamy"And the Lord set a mark upon Cain" --Genesis
4.the state of being covered with unclean things
5.(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
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Merriam Webster
StainStain (stān), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stained (stānd); p. pr. & vb. n. Staining.] [Abbrev. fr. distain.]
1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; armor stained with blood.
2. To color, as wood, glass, paper, cloth, or the like, by processes affecting, chemically or otherwise, the material itself; to tinge with a color or colors combining with, or penetrating, the substance; to dye; as, to stain wood with acids, colored washes, paint rubbed in, etc.; to stain glass.
3. To spot with guilt or infamy; to bring reproach on; to blot; to soil; to tarnish.
Of honor void,
Of innocence, of faith, of purity,
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton.
4. To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
She stains the ripest virgins of her age. Beau. & Fl.
That did all other beasts in beauty stain. Spenser.
Stained glass, glass colored or stained by certain metallic pigments fused into its substance, -- often used for making ornamental windows.
Syn. -- To paint; dye; blot; soil; sully; discolor; disgrace; taint. -- Paint, Stain, Dye. These denote three different processes; the first mechanical, the other two, chiefly chemical. To paint a thing is to spread a coat of coloring matter over it; to stain or dye a thing is to impart color to its substance. To stain is said chiefly of solids, as wood, glass, paper; to dye, of fibrous substances, textile fabrics, etc.; the one, commonly, a simple process, as applying a wash; the other more complex, as fixing colors by mordants.
StainStain, v. i. To give or receive a stain; to grow dim.
StainStain, n.
1. A discoloration by foreign matter; a spot; as, a stain on a garment or cloth. Shak.
2. A natural spot of a color different from the gound.
Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains. Pope.
3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach.
Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains. Dryden.
Our opinion . . . is, I trust, without any blemish or stain of heresy. Hooker.
4. Cause of reproach; shame. Sir P. Sidney.
5. A tincture; a tinge. [R.]
You have some stain of soldier in you. Shak.
Syn. -- Blot; spot; taint; pollution; blemish; tarnish; color; disgrace; infamy; shame.
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Définition (complément)
⇨ voir la définition de Wikipedia
Synonymes
stain (n.)
blemish, blot, blotch, brand, dirt, discoloration, discolouration, disgrace, filth, grease, grime, grunge, mark, mordant, mottle, slur, smear, smirch, smudge, smut, soil, spatter, speck, splodge, splotch, spot, sputter, stigma, streak
Voir aussi
Locutions
⇨ Giemsa Stain • Gram stain • Gram's stain • Hiss stain • Johne's stain • Kühne's stain • May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain • Papanicolaou's stain • Port-Wine Stain • Weigert's stain • Ziehl-Neelsen stain • grease stain • mud stain • oil stain • port-wine stain • portwine stain • scumble stain • stain remover
⇨ Alcian blue stain • Auramine phenol stain • Auramine-rhodamine stain • Blood Stain Child • Blood stain • Blood-stain • Blue stain fungus • Broad bean stain virus • Carbon stain • Congo red stain • Cresyl violet stain • Cresyl-violet stain • Cyto-Stain • Electoral stain • Feulgen stain • Field stain • Fluoro-Jade stain • GFAP stain • Giemsa stain • Gimenez stain • Gram-stain • Gömöri methenamine silver stain • Gömöri trichrome stain • HOPS stain • HPS stain • Hematoxylin phloxine saffron stain • Hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron stain • Hoechst stain • Hot stain • Human Stain • Ivan Stain • Jenner's stain • Jones' stain • Kinyoun stain • Leishman stain • List of Mr. Stain characters • Masson's trichrome stain • Movat stain • Movat's stain • Mr. Stain • Mucicarmine stain • Negative stain • Nikolai Stain • Papanicolaou stain • Periodic acid-Schiff stain • Phosphotungstic acid-haematoxylin stain • Port wine stain • Port-wine stain • Reticulin stain • Romanowsky stain • Schaeffer-Fulton stain • Silver stain • Stain (album) • Stain (disambiguation) • Stain (histology) • Stain (microscopy) • Stain Hill Reservoirs • Stain Studio • Stain blocking primers • Stain removal • Stain remover • Sudan stain • The Adventure of the Second Stain • The Crimson Stain Mystery • The Human Stain • The Human Stain (film) • The Second Stain • The Stain • The Stain (film) • Tomato stain • Trichrome stain • Van Gieson's stain • Vital stain • Wank stain • Warthin–Starry stain • Wayson stain • Weigert's elastic stain • Wet storage stain • Wood stain • Wright's stain • Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Dictionnaire analogique
stain (n.)
stain (n.)
saleté (ce qui est sale) (fr)[Classe]
stain (n.)
marque laissée par une blessure, un coup (fr)[Classe]
mépris (fr)[termes liés]
symbole chrétien (fr)[Symbolise]
stain (n.)
saleté (ce qui est sale) (fr)[ClasseHyper.]
dirtiness, uncleanness[Hyper.]
stain - grease, lubricate - begrime, bemire, colly, dirt, dirty, foul, grime, smirch, soil - dirty, soiled, unclean - begrimed, dingy, dirty, filthy, foul, grimy, grubby, grungy, messy, mucky, raunchy, squalid, unclean - filthy, foul, nasty - contaminating, dirty[Dérivé]
stain (n.)
color, coloring material, colour, colouring material[Hyper.]
stain[Dérivé]
stain (v. tr.)
corroder (fr)[Classe]
imprégner qqch d'un mordant (fr)[Classe]
travailler le textile (fr)[DomaineCollocation]
stain (v. tr.)
rendre dans un état inférieur ; rendre vil, indigne de respect (fr)[Classe]
abaisser la valeur de quelqu'un (fr)[Classe]
rendre pire qqn (fr)[Classe]
dire du mal de qqn (fr)[Classe]
mépris (fr)[termes liés]
deflower, impair, mar, spoil, vitiate[Hyper.]
cloud[Dérivé]
stain (v. tr.)
stain (v. tr.)
Wikipedia
Stain
 |
Look up stain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
A stain is a discoloration that can be clearly distinguished from the surface, material, or medium it is found upon. They are caused by the chemical or physical interaction of two dissimilar materials. Staining is used for biochemical research, metal staining, and art (e.g., wood staining, stained glass).
Contents |
Types of stains
There can be intentional stains (such as wood stains or paint),[1] indicative stains (such as food coloring or adding a substance to make bacteria visible under a microscope),[2] natural stains (such as rust on iron or a patina on bronze),[3] and accidental stains (like spilling ketchup on your shirt).
Different types of material can be stained by different substances, and stain resistance is an important characteristic in modern textile engineering.
Formation
The primary method of stain formation is surface stains, where the staining substance is spilled out onto the surface or material and is trapped in the fibers, pores, indentations, or other capillary structures on the surface.[1] The material that is trapped coats the underlying material, and the stain reflects back light according to its own color. Applying [[paint], spilled food, and wood stains are of this nature.[4]
A secondary method of stain involves a chemical or molecular reaction between the material and the staining material. Many types of natural stains fall into this category.
Finally, there can also be molecular attraction between the material and the staining material, involving being held in a covalent bond and showing the color of the bound substance.[5]
Properties
In many cases, stains are affected by heat and may become reactive enough to bond with the underlying material. Extreme heat, such as from ironing or dry cleaning, can cause a chemical reaction on an otherwise removable stain, turning it into a chemical compound that is impossible to remove.[5]
Removal
Various laundry techniques exist to attempt to remove or minimize existing stains, and stain removers are an important type of chemical in laundry detergents. Some stand-alone stain removers also exist.
See also
References
- ^ a b Understanding Wood Finishing: How to Select and Apply the Right Finish.Bob Flexner. Reader's Digest, 1999. Pg 121. ISBN 0-7621-0191-1, ISBN 978-0-7621-0191-7
- ^ Staining Procedures Used by the Biological Stain Commission: Published for the Biological Stain Commission. George Clark, James W. Bartholomew. Williams & Wilkins, 1981. Pg 32-33, 45. ISBN 0-683-01707-1, ISBN 978-0-683-01707-6
- ^ Architectural Metals: A Guide to Selection, Specification, and Performance. L. William Zahner. Wiley, 1997. Pg 101. ISBN 0-471-04506-3, ISBN 978-0-471-04506-9
- ^ Materials Performance. NACE International. Published by National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1987. v.26 1987 Jul-Dec, pg 33
- ^ a b The Stain Removal Handbook. Max Alth, Simon Alth. Hawthorn Books, 1977. Pg 22 ISBN 0-8015-7071-9, ISBN 978-0-8015-7071-1
Further reading
- Stain & Spot Removal Handbook: Consumer guide. by the editors of Consumer Guide.. Skokie, Ill:Beekman House, 1981. 9780517316832
- Zia, Stephanie. Stain Removal. London: Hamlyn, 2005.Distributed in the U.S. and Canada by Sterling Pub. Co., 2005. 9780600611240
- Soto, Anne MarieStain Rescue!: The A-Z Guide to Removing Smudges, Spots & Other Spills By good Housekeeping Institute (New York, N.Y.). Published by Sterling Publishing Company, 2007 ISBN
- Mendelson, Cheryl Laundry: The Home Comforts Book of Caring for Clothes and Linens Simon and Schuster, 2005 ISBN 978-0-7432-7145-5
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