Wine glass
From Wikipedia
A wine glass is a type of glass stemware that is used to drink and taste wine. It is generally composed of three parts: the bowl, stem, and foot. Selection of a particular wine glass for a wine style is important, as the glass shape can influence its perception.
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"Proper" Use
The traditionally held-to-be "proper" way to drink from a wine glass, especially when drinking white or otherwise chilled wine, is to grasp it by the stem. A common misconception is that the purpose of doing so is that the temperature of the wine may be affected by body heat when holding the glass. In actuality, body heat has no measurable effect on the wine's temperature. The surrounding air is actually the only factor that affects wine temperature in the glass.[1] This misconception comes from watching wine drinkers examine the color and clarity of wine by holding it by the stem.
Materials
Wine glasses made of fused or cut glass will often interfere with the flavor of the wine,[citation needed] as well as creating a rough, thick lip, from which it is not as pleasurable to drink.[citation needed] Blown glass results in a better vessel, with a thinner lip, and is usually acceptable for casual wine drinkers.[citation needed] High quality wine glasses are often made of lead crystal. Lead crystal glasses' advantages are primarily aesthetic, having a higher index of refraction, thus changing the effect of light passing through them. They are also heavier. Using lead in the crystal matrix also offers several advantages in the material's workability during production. Wine glasses are generally not colored or frosted as this would impede the appreciation of its colour. An exception to this rule is the hock glass.
Shapes
The shape of the glass is also important, as it concentrates the flavor and aroma (or bouquet) to emphasize the varietal's characteristic.[citation needed] One common belief is that the shape of the glass directs the wine itself into the best area of the mouth from the varietal.[citation needed]
Generally, the opening of the glass is not wider than the widest part of the bowl.
Most wine glasses have stems, which visually, prevent fingerprints from smearing the glass. The stem actually has nothing to do with preventing body heat from warming the wine. A new trend in wine glasses is the "stemless" wine glass which comes in a variety of sizes and shapes as well.[citation needed] These glasses are typically used more casually than their traditional counterparts, as they negate the benefits of using stemmed wine glasses.
Except to the wine connoisseur, wine glasses can be divided into three types: red wine glasses, white wine glasses, and champagne flutes.
Red wine glasses
Glasses for red wine are characterized by their rounder, wider bowl, which increases the rate of oxidization. As oxygen from the air chemically interacts with the wine, flavor and aroma are subtly altered. This process of oxidization is generally more compatible with red wines, whose complex flavors are smoothed out after being exposed to air. Red wine glasses can have particular styles of their own, such as
- Bordeaux glass: tall with a broad bowl, and is designed for full bodied red wines like Cabernet and Merlot as it directs wine to the back of the mouth.
- Burgundy glass: broader than the Bordeaux glass, it has a bigger bowl to accumulate aromas of more delicate red wines such as Pinot Noir. This style of glass directs wine to the tip of the tongue.
White wine glasses
White wine glasses vary enormously in size and shape, from the delicately tapered Champagne flute, to the wide and shallow glasses used to drink Chardonnay. Different shaped glasses are used to accentuate the unique characteristics of different styles of wine. Wide mouthed glasses function similarly to red wine glasses discussed above, promoting rapid oxidization which alters the flavor of the wine.[citation needed] White wines which are best served slightly oxidized are generally full flavored wines, such as oaked chardonnay. For lighter, fresher styles of white wine, oxidization is less desirable as it is seen to mask the delicate nuances of the wine.[citation needed] To preserve a crisp, clean flavor, many white wine glasses will have a smaller mouth, which reduces surface area and in turn, the rate of oxidization. In the case of sparkling wine, such as Champagne or Asti Spumante, an even smaller mouth is used to keep the wine sparkling longer in the glass.
Champagne flutes
Champagne flutes are characterised by a long stem with a tall, narrow bowl on top. The shape is designed to keep sparkling wine desirable during its consumption. The glass is designed to be held by the stem to help prevent the heat from the hand from warming the champagne. The bowl itself is designed in a manner to help retain the signature carbonation in the beverage. This is achieved by reducing the surface area at the opening of the bowl. Additionally the flute design adds to the aesthetic appeal of champagne, allowing the bubbles to travel further due to the narrow design, giving a far more pleasant visual appeal.
Sherry glass
A sherry glass is drinkware generally used for serving aromatic alcoholic beverages, such as sherry, port, aperitifs, and liqueurs, and layered shooters. An ISO-standard sized sherry glass is 120 millilitres (4.2 imp fl oz; 4.1 US fl oz). The copita, with its aroma-enhancing narrow taper, is a type of sherry glass.
Decoration
In the 18th Century, glassmakers would draw spiral patterns in the stem as they made the glass. If they used air bubbles it was called an airtwist; if they used threads, either white or colored, it would be called opaque twist.[2]
ISO Winetasting glass
The ISO has standardized a series of glasses for wine tasting. They are stemmed with elongated tapered bowls, with capacities of 120 (for sherry), 210, 300, or 410 millilitres.ISO 3591:1977[3]
See also
References
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms. Michael Clarke. Oxford University Press, 2001.
- ↑ "wine glasses". http://sizes.com/food/glasses_wine.htm.
External links
- Scientific study on the shape of a wine glass and perception
- A general overview of Wine Glass Stemware This report examines wine glasses, discussing attributes relating to the flavour of wine.
- Information on Choosing and Buying Wine Glasses
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